Occident and Orient you probably already know, but what about Septentrion and Midi?
Septentrion = Septen + trion = 7 + plough ox, (or potentially "threshing ox,") in Latin. It's another name for the Big Dipper, which points to the North Star.
Midi is short for Meridional, from the Latin meri dies, or midday. At northerly latitudes, the sun is always slightly to the south at midday.
Map by Alain Manesson-Mallet, 1687.
